Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences (JEAS). Elhassa et al., 2023. 25(1&2):18-26.
Open Access – Research Article
Effect of Production Systems on Micro-Mineral Composition of Camel Milk Produced in Sudan
Sarra M. B. Mohamed Elhassa 1, Hafiz I.I. Osman 2, Ibtisam E. M. El Zubeir 3,*
1 Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
2 Ministry of Production and Economic Resources, North Darfur State, Sudan
3,* Department of Dairy Production, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 321, Khartoum, Sudan
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of three different management systems, (traditional nomadic, semi-nomadic, and intensive) on the macro-mineral content of milk of camels in different parity orders and stages of lactation. The samples (120) were examined to determine the calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) content of camel milk collected from North Darfur and Khartoum states. The results indicated the highest Ca (154.6±2.3 mg/100g), Na (215.6±8.39 mg/100g), and P (77.2±1.43 mg/100g) content in the milk of camels kept in the semi-nomadic production system in the Green Valley (Khartoum State) and the lowest values (111.4±2.2 mg/100g, 148.6±5.12 mg/100g and 66.9±1.39 mg/100g, respectively) were reported for the camel milk from a nomadic system in North Darfour State. Both areas revealed the lowest content of Mg in camel milk, while Mg content of camel milk showed the highest content in the camels reared in the semi-nomadic system of Hamad well (39.1±2.01 mg/100g) and the intensive system in El Huda (34.0±2.01 mg/100g). However, a significantly (P<0.05) higher value for K (317.8±12.17 mg/100g) was recorded in the milk obtained from camel browse in the nomadic system of North Darfour State. Moreover, the levels of Ca, Na and Mg showed a reduction in the milk of camels with the advancement of parity, meanwhile, K and P revealed an increasing trend. However, there was no significant (P>0.05) difference between the macro mineral contents of camel milk as affected by the variations of parity orders and age of camels. In conclusion, results demonstrated high variability in the macro-mineral contents of camel milk, this variability was associated with the types of production systems, while slight variation might occur for the parity orders, stages of lactation and the age of camels.
Keywords:Camel Milk, Production System, Nomadic, Semi Nomadic, Intensive, Parity Orders, Stage of Lactation, Age.
*Corresponding author: Ibtisam E. M. El Zubeir, email: Ibtisamelzubeir17@gmail.com, Ibtisam.elzubeir@uofk.edu
Cite this article as:
Elhassa, S.M.B.M. H.I.I. Osman, I.E.M. El Zubeir. 2023. Effect of production systems on micro-mineral composition of camel milk produced in Sudan. Journal of Environmental & Agricultural Sciences. 25 (1&2): 18-27. [Abstract] [View Full-Text] [Citations] 
Copyright © Elhassan et al., 2023. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original author and source are appropriately cited and credited.
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